Sex differences of patients with acute chest pain evaluated through a chest pain unit

Abstract

Background Although sex disparities between patients with acute myocardial infarction are well known, the data regarding sex differences among symptomatic patients with acute chest pain (ACP) are limited. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the records of 1000 consecutive patients with ACP and hospitalized in a tertiary medical center chest pain unit (CPU). Patients were divided according to sex. The primary outcome was defined as a composite end point of readmission because of chest pain, incidence of acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, and death at 90 days and 1 year. Results Overall, 673 men and 327 women were included in the current analysis. There was no difference in regard to sex for patients who underwent noninvasive evaluation, (87.8 vs. 87.3%, P = 0.85, for female vs. male, respectively). Among patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography, women were less likely to have significant coronary artery disease (CAD) (4.2 vs. 11.3%, P = 0.005). Similarly, women had fewer significant findings (4.4 vs. 7.6%, P = 0.007) on myocardial perfusion imaging. Consequently, fewer women underwent angiography (8 vs. 14%, P = 0.006) and revascularization (2.8 vs. 7.3%, P = 0.004). During follow-up, sex was not associated with the development of the primary composite outcome [odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–2.09, P-value = 0.82 and OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65–2.06, P-value = 0.59 for 90-day and 1-year follow-up, respectively]. Conclusion Evaluation of patients through a CPU enables comparable noninvasive evaluation, appropriate utilization of invasive assessment with similar outcomes during the short and intermediate follow-up period regardless of patients’ sex.