Cardiac imaging correlates and predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Background New nonclinical parameters are needed to improve the current stroke risk stratification schemes for patients with atrial fibrillation. This study aimed to summarize data on potential cardiac imaging correlates and predictors of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched to identify all published studies providing relevant data through 16 November 2022. Random effects meta-analysis method was used to pool estimates. Results We included 64 studies reporting data from a pooled population of 56 639 patients. Left atrial spontaneous echo-contrast [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.98–5.49], nonchicken wing left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.11–4.18), left atrial enlargement (aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.45–3.08), and higher LAA orifice diameter (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.18–2.05) were highly associated with stroke. Other parameters associated with stroke included higher left atrial sphericity (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.29), higher left atrial volume (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.04), higher left atrial volume index (aOR 1.014, 95% CI 1.004–1.023), lower left atrial reservoir strain [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.86, 95% CI 0.76–0.98], higher left ventricular mass index (aOR 1.010, 95% CI 1.005–1.015) and E/e’ ratio (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.16). There was no association between LAA volume (aOR 1.37, 95% CI 0.85–2.21) and stroke. Conclusion These cardiac imaging parameters identified as potential predictors of thromboembolism may improve the accuracy of stroke risk stratification schemes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Further studies should evaluate the performance of holistic risk scores including clinical factors, biomarkers, and cardiac imaging.