(Re)defining Esotericism

Abstract

AbstractThis article moves past discussing definitions ofesotericismto clarifying the nature of definition itself. After reviewing different approaches to definition, we argue thatrigiddefinitions (which propose necessary and sufficient conditions) are problematic, and thatfluiddefinitions (which seek to clarify, explain, teach etc.) are a better alternative. We then discuss homeostatic property cluster definitions, which are like family-resemblance definitions, but with explicit justification for the particular set of defining criteria. We propose a related but more flexiblestable property clusterdefinition ofesotericism. It is intended as a useful focus for ongoing discussion, not as a candidate for the single correct definition. Throughout the article, we contrast meaning realism and meaning antirealism (not ontological realism/antirealism), making a case that the latter is more useful in this context. We end by suggesting that our definitional approach has value for exploring both the global spread of western esotericisms and, more importantly, the extent to whichesotericismintersects with the semantic fields of comparable categories in other languages and cultures.