Population dynamics of Hemicycliophora conida as affected by different temperatures and absence of hosts

Abstract

Summary The effects of temperature and absence of a host plant on the population dynamics of the sheath nematode, Hemicycliophora conida, were studied under glasshouse conditions. Regarding temperature, population dynamics of H. conida on tomato ‘Moneymaker’ were monitored weekly over a period of 12 weeks. In the first experiment, with an average temperature of 21.4°C, population growth of H. conida continuously increased over time from an initial density of 106 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1 to a final density of 820 nematodes (100 ml soil)−1, resulting in a reproduction rate of 7.7. The time required to complete one generation was 6.5 weeks or 598 temperature degree days at 8°C base temperature (TDD8). A second experiment showed that the development of H. conida on tomato was faster at 22.1°C than at 19.0°C. At 22.1°C, one generation was completed after 6 weeks (= 588 TDD8) compared to 8 weeks (=634 TDD8) at 19.0°C. The higher temperature also resulted in a higher reproduction rate (93 at 22.1°C vs 7.8 at 19.0°C). In the absence of a host plant, the population density of H. conida decreased over time. However, this natural decline was less pronounced than for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. In the first experiment, the population density of H. conida decreased within 18 weeks by 89.5%, while M. hapla was already no longer detectable 12 weeks after inoculation. In the second experiment, H. conida decreased by 98.2% within 16 weeks compared to 99.98% for M. hapla.