皖南乡村的宗族文化变迁

Abstract

AbstractUsing data collected from fieldwork in five administrative villages in southern Anhui, our research explores changes to clan culture in the course of modernization and urbanization. The research reveals that, although the visible component of the clan system has diminished, the invisible part, or clan culture, continues to exert a strong influence on villagers. More than half of the respondents in our survey expressed traditional viewpoints concerning issues of clan interests, ancestor worship,xiao(filial piety), clan rituals, and clan genealogy, thus reflecting historical continuity of traditions. Nevertheless, traditional influence is declining, especially among young and middle-aged villagers with urban work experience. Cultural changes in these villages bear strong Chinese characteristics. While the sentiment of patriarchal authority is receding among the young and middle-aged villagers, the general principle ofxiaois still respected by all groups.Jia, being the foundation of Chinese society and Chinese culture, continues to be of more importance than individuals.(This article is in English.)摘要采用在皖南5个行政村进行田野调查所收集的数据，本文探讨了在现代化和城镇化过程中宗族文化的变迁。研究结果表明，尽管宗族体系的显性结构已经消失，其内在的宗族文化依然对村民们发挥强烈的影响。调查中，在涉及宗族利益、祖先崇拜、 孝道、族祭、以及修谱活动等问题上，超过半数受访者的回答带有强烈的传统色彩，体现了文化的历史延续性。虽然如此，传统的影响力在农民工尤其是中青年中，仍在不断减弱。在所调查的乡村，文化的变迁具有强烈的中国特色。一方面，中青年村民的宗族意识在不断淡化。另一方面，孝的道德准则依然得到了不同年龄阶层的尊崇，家庭的集体利益还是高于个人利益，个人主义依然为家庭所束缚。