Self-Structuring in Artificial "Chimps" Offers New Hypotheses for Male Grouping in Chimpanzees

Author:

Te Boekhorst Irenaeus J.A.1,Hogeweg Paulien2

Affiliation:

1. 1Department of Comparative Physiology, Section Ethology & Socioecology, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 14, PO Box 80.086, 3508 TB LA Utrecht, the Netherlands

2. 2Bioinformatics, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, the Netherlands

Abstract

AbstractChimpanzees live in societies that are characterised both by disorder and order. On the one hand, party size fluctuates in a randomlike fashion and party membership is unpredictable ; on the other hand, fundamental party structures are apparent; males are often in all-male parties whereas females remain mostly solitary. The customary sociobiological explanation is based on the assumptions that 1) competition for food favors solitariness (especially in females); 2) chimpanzee males share the costs of territorial defense against rivals from neighbouring communities and 3) genetical relatedness among males within a community compensates for fitness losses due to their competition for food and females. We point to some theoretical flaws in the reasoning that forms the basis of the current neo-Darwinistic model and to the lack of empirical data concerning male relatedness. Most importantly, chimpanzee-like party structures emerge by self-organisation in an artificial "world" in which "CHIMPs" do nothing more than searching for food and mates, without requiring any of the assumptions of the sociobiological model.

Publisher

Brill

Subject

Behavioral Neuroscience,Animal Science and Zoology

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