Investigating the Role of Leading Sensory Modality and Autistic Traits in the Visual–Tactile Temporal Binding Window

Abstract

Abstract Our ability to integrate multisensory information depends on processes occurring during the temporal binding window. There is limited research investigating the temporal binding window for visual–tactile integration and its relationship with autistic traits, sensory sensitivity, and unusual sensory experiences. We measured the temporal binding window for visual-tactile integration in 27 neurotypical participants who completed a simultaneity judgement task and three questionnaires: the Autism Quotient, the Glasgow Sensory Questionnaire, and the Multi-Modality Unusual Sensory Experiences Questionnaire. The average width of the visual-leading visual-tactile (VT) temporal binding window was 123 ms, significantly narrower than the tactile-leading visual-tactile (TV) window (193 ms). When comparing crossmodal (visual-tactile) stimuli with unimodal (visual–visual or tactile–tactile), the temporal binding window was significantly larger for crossmodal stimuli (VT: 123 ms; TV: 193 ms) than for unimodal pairs of stimuli (visual: 38 ms; tactile 42 ms). We did not find evidence to support a relationship between the size of the temporal binding window and autistic traits, sensory sensitivities, or unusual sensory perceptual experiences in this neurotypical population. Our results indicate that the leading sense presented in a multisensory pair influences the width of the temporal binding window. When tactile stimuli precede visual stimuli it may be difficult to determine the temporal boundaries of the stimuli, which leads to a delay in shifting attention from tactile to visual stimuli. This ambiguity in determining temporal boundaries of stimuli likely influences our ability to decide on whether stimuli are simultaneous or nonsimultaneous, which in turn leads to wider temporal binding windows.