Updated distribution and biogeography of amphibians and reptiles of Europe

Author:

Sillero Neftali1,Campos João1,Bonardi Anna2,Corti Claudia3,Creemers Raymond4,Crochet Pierre-Andre5,Crnobrnja Isailović Jelka67,Denoël Mathieu8,Ficetola Gentile Francesco2,Gonçalves João9,Kuzmin Sergei10,Lymberakis Petros11,de Pous Philip1213,Rodríguez Ariel14,Sindaco Roberto15,Speybroeck Jeroen16,Toxopeus Bert17,Vieites David R.1819,Vences Miguel14

Affiliation:

1. 1Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal

2. 2Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy

3. 3Museo di Storia Naturale dell’Università di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia “La Specola”, Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italia

4. 4RAVON, Postbus 1413, 6501 BK Nijmegen, The Netherlands

5. 5CNRS-UMR5175 CEFE, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France

6. 6Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia

7. 7Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Beograd, Serbia

8. 8F.R.S. – FNRS Research Associate, Behavioural Biology Unit, University of Liège, 22 Quai van Beneden, 4020 Liege, Belgium

9. 9CIBIO, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

10. 10Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117071, Russia

11. 11Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, Knossou Ave., P.O. Box 2208, 71409 Heraklion Crete, Greece

12. 12Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, Universitat de Lleida, Av. Rovira Roura 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain

13. 13Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Animal Phylogeny and Systematics, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain

14. 14Technische Universität Braunschweig, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany

15. 15c/o Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, via San Francesco di Sales 88, 10022 Carmagnola (TO), Italia

16. 16Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, 1070 Brussels, Belgium

17. 17University of Twente, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), P.O. Box 217, 7500 AA Enschede, The Netherlands

18. 18Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, c/José Gutierrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

19. 19REFER Biodiversity Chair, University of Porto, CIBIO, Campus Agrário de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal

Abstract

A precise knowledge of the spatial distribution of taxa is essential for decision-making processes in land management and biodiversity conservation, both for present and under future global change scenarios. This is a key base for several scientific disciplines (e.g. macro-ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology, spatial planning, or environmental impact assessment) that rely on species distribution maps. An atlas summarizing the distribution of European amphibians and reptiles with 50 × 50 km resolution maps based on ca. 85 000 grid records was published by the Societas Europaea Herpetologica (SEH) in 1997. Since then, more detailed species distribution maps covering large parts of Europe became available, while taxonomic progress has led to a plethora of taxonomic changes including new species descriptions. To account for these progresses, we compiled information from different data sources: published in books and websites, ongoing national atlases, personal data kindly provided to the SEH, the 1997 European Atlas, and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Databases were homogenised, deleting all information except species names and coordinates, projected to the same coordinate system (WGS84) and transformed into a 50 × 50 km grid. The newly compiled database comprises more than 384 000 grid and locality records distributed across 40 countries. We calculated species richness maps as well as maps of Corrected Weighted Endemism and defined species distribution types (i.e. groups of species with similar distribution patterns) by hierarchical cluster analysis using Jaccard’s index as association measure. Our analysis serves as a preliminary step towards an interactive, dynamic and online distributed database system (NA2RE system) of the current spatial distribution of European amphibians and reptiles. The NA2RE system will serve as well to monitor potential temporal changes in their distributions. Grid maps of all species are made available along with this paper as a tool for decision-making and conservation-related studies and actions. We also identify taxonomic and geographic gaps of knowledge that need to be filled, and we highlight the need to add temporal and altitudinal data for all records, to allow tracking potential species distribution changes as well as detailed modelling of the impacts of land use and climate change on European amphibians and reptiles.

Publisher

Brill

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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