An extended mtDNA phylogeography for the alpine newt illuminates the provenance of introduced populations

Author:

Robbemont Jody12ORCID,van Veldhuijzen Sam12ORCID,Allain Steven J.R.3ORCID,Ambu Johanna4ORCID,Boyle Ryan5,Canestrelli Daniele6ORCID,Cathasaigh Éinne Ó7ORCID,Cathrine Chris8ORCID,Chiocchio Andrea6ORCID,Cogalniceanu Dan9ORCID,Cvijanović Milena10,Dufresnes Christophe4ORCID,Ennis Collie11ORCID,Gandola Rob11ORCID,Jablonski Daniel12ORCID,Julian Angela13,Kranželić Daria14ORCID,Lukanov Simeon15ORCID,Martínez-Solano Iñigo16ORCID,Montgomery Ryan513,Naumov Borislav15,O’Neill Matthew17,North Alexandra1819ORCID,Pabijan Maciej20ORCID,Pushendorf Robert18ORCID,Salvi Daniele21ORCID,Schmidt Bruno14ORCID,Sotiropoulos Konstantinos22ORCID,Stanescu Florina923ORCID,Stanković David24ORCID,Stapleton Sarah25,Šunje Emina262728ORCID,Szabolcs Márton29,Vacheva Emiliya15ORCID,Willis David30,Zimić Adnan2731,France James12,Meilink Willem R.M.12ORCID,Stark Tariq32,Struijk Richard P.J.H.32,Theodoropoulos Anagnostis12ORCID,de Visser Manon C.12ORCID,Wielstra Ben12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

2. Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

3. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK

4. Laboratory for Amphibian Systematic and Evolutionary Research (LASER), College of Biology & Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China

5. Northern Ireland Amphibian and Reptile Group, Belfast, UK

6. Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy

7. Herpetological Society of Ireland, Munster, Ireland

8. Caledonian Conservation Ltd, Office 2 and 3, Craigarnhall, Bridge of Allan, Stirling, FK9 4NG, Scotland, UK

9. Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, 900470 Constanţa, Romania

10. Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia

11. Herpetological Society of Ireland, Wicklow, Ireland

12. Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia

13. Amphibian and Reptile Groups of UK (ARG UK), 82 Gidley Way, Horspath, Oxford, OX33 1TG, UK

14. Association Hyla, Lipovac I no. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

15. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria

16. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain

17. Atlantic Technological University, Freshwater and Marine Biology Program, Old Dublin Rd, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland

18. School of Biological and Marine Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK

19. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society London, London, NW1 4RY, UK

20. Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland

21. Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, Italy

22. Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

23. Black Sea Institute for Development and Security Studies (BSIDSS) and Center for Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), Ovidius University Constanţa, Al. Universităţii 1, 900470 Constanţa, Romania

24. National Institute of Biology (NIB), Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

25. National Parks and Wildlife Service, Dublin, D07 N7CV, Ireland

26. Evolutionary Ecology Group, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

27. Herpetological Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina – ATRA, Urijan Dedina 137, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

28. Laboratory of Functional Morphology, University of Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium

29. Department of Tisza Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Bem tér 18/C, 4026 Debrecen, Hungary

30. Hertfordshire Amphibian and Reptile Group, Hetfield, UK

31. National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 3, 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

32. Reptile, Amphibian and Fish Conservation Netherlands (RAVON), P.O. Box 1413, 6501 BK Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Abstract

Abstract Many herpetofauna species have been introduced outside of their native range. MtDNA barcoding is regularly used to determine the provenance of such populations. The alpine newt has been introduced across the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Ireland. However, geographical mtDNA structure across the natural range of the alpine newt is still incompletely understood and certain regions are severely undersampled. We collect mtDNA sequence data of over seven hundred individuals, from both the native and the introduced range. The main new insights from our extended mtDNA phylogeography are that 1) haplotypes from Spain do not form a reciprocally monophyletic clade, but are nested inside the mtDNA clade that covers western and eastern Europe; and 2) haplotypes from the northwest Balkans form a monophyletic clade together with those from the Southern Carpathians and Apuseni Mountains. We also home in on the regions where the distinct mtDNA clades meet in nature. We show that four out of the seven distinct mtDNA clades that comprise the alpine newt are implicated in the introductions in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In several introduced localities, two distinct mtDNA clades co-occur. As these mtDNA clades presumably represent cryptic species, we urge that the extent of genetic admixture between them is assessed from genome-wide nuclear DNA markers. We mobilized a large number of citizen scientists in this project to support the collection of DNA samples by skin swabbing and underscore the effectiveness of this sampling technique for mtDNA barcoding.

Publisher

Brill

Subject

Animal Science and Zoology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference80 articles.

1. Distribution of the alpine newt Ichthyosaura alpestris in Great Britain updated using social media;Allain, S.J.R.

2. Genomics and the future of conservation genetics;Allendorf, F.W.

3. Buccal swabs for amphibian genomics;Ambu, J.

4. Genomic phylogeography illuminates deep cyto-nuclear discordances in midwife toads (Alytes);Ambu, J.

5. Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence and phylogenetic relatonships among eight chromossome races of Sceloporus grammicus complex (Phrynosomatidae) in central Mexico;Arévalo, E.

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