Sophist, Emperor and sophrosyne

Abstract

Abstract This paper explores the significance of the Greek value of sophrosyne as a rhetorical topos through the lens of Libanius’ work, demonstrating that the theme of moderation was indeed a prime concern of the orator. I consider a notable instance (Oration 16, To the Antiochenes: On the Emperor’s Anger) in which Libanius’ engagement with this theme goes beyond the usual commonplaces of rhetoric. My intention is to offer another perspective on the renowned altercation between Emperor Julian and the city of Antioch. I argue that, as Julian understands the tensions between himself and Antioch in terms of sophrosyne, so Libanius responds by endowing the rhetorical trope of moderation with greater significance in Oration 16, presenting this value as the solution to the Antiochenes’ predicament.