1. Balech E (1977) Cachonina niei Loeblich (Dinoflagellata) y sus variaciones. Buenos Aires Physis Sección A 36: 59–64.
2. Bullman V, Roberts KR (1986) Structure of the flagellar apparatus in Heterocapsa pygmaea (Pyrrophyta). Phycologia 25: 558–571.
3. Campbell PH (1973) The phytoplankton of Gales Creek with emphasis on the taxonomy and ecology of estuarine phytoflagellates. Ph.D. thesis, North Carolina Univ. 359 pp.
4. Dodge JD, Crawford RM (1971) A fine-structural survey of dinoflagellate pyrenoids and food-reserves. Bot J Linn Soc 64: 105–115.
5. Fensome RA, Taylor FJR, Norris G, Sarjeant WAS, Wharton DI, Williams GL (1993) A classification of living and fossil dinoflagellates. Sheridan Press, Pennsylvania, 351 pp.