Sleep Health Among Adults in Outpatient Opioid Use Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The current systematic review synthesized available original research on objective and self-reported sleep health dimensions among adults aged 18 to 50 years in outpatient treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). A comprehensive search was conducted using multiple electronic databases followed by screening 2,738 records published in English from the inception of each database to September 14, 2021. Quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (version 2001). Fifty nine studies—50 descriptive (21 longitudinal, 18 cross-sectional, and 11 case control), seven interventional (five non-randomized), and two mixed/multi method designs—were included, comprising 18,195 adults with mean ages ranging from 23 to 49 years (mean age = 37.5 [ SD = 5.9] years; 54.4% female) with OUD and 604 comparison participants without OUD. Studies were predominantly observational with various designs with self-report and objective measures with participants at various points in treatment. More work is needed to understand the multidimensional depth of sleep health in adults with OUD. Optimizing sleep health in adults with OUD may improve their addiction trajectory and should be a priority in practice and research. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 62 (1), 19–26.]