The comic in Udmurt folklore and artistic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries

Abstract

Introduction: the сomic is one of the ways of artistic reflection of reality. It shows the peculiarities of the national worldview at the certain period of history. To generalize the stages of evolution of the comic in literature, to establish causeand- effect relationships of development of genres and forms of the comic, it is necessary to identify its origins. The article development. Objective: to identify the origins and features of formation of comic genres in Udmurt literature in the aspect of continuity of traditions of oral folk art. Research materials: satirical and humorous works of Udmurt folklore and the initial stage of development of national literature. Results and novelty of the research: prerequisites of the comic in Udmurt literature are contained in laughing culture of the people, in rituals and rites that perform a magical function. An important source of the origin of literary comic genres was the genres of oral folk art with a dominant social function. A significant role was also played by the translation and cultural activities of the enlighteners, as well as the influence of older literatures. Based on the genres of oral and poetic creativity (comic, satirical, dance and game songs, fairy tales, fables, madyos, takmak) and taking into account, first of all, the experience of Russian literature, comic works of various genres are created in the Udmurt language. For the first time the article considers poorly studied works of Udmurt comic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries. These are works of different genres of folklore origins: verses, poems, plays, essays, stories, novellas, feuilletons, parables, fables, madyos, new takmak, pamphlets, «light tales», etc. The educational theme of the first works gradually acquires a social and socio-political meaning complicating the poetics of the comic. Key words: the comic, genre, Udmurt folklore, Udmurt literature, laughter, satire, humor.