Impact of Antenna Design, Electromagnetic Propagation, and RF Frequency on the Performance of Wireless Communication Systems in Urban Environments

Abstract

The design and optimization of antennas, electromagnetic propagation, radio frequency (RF), and channel characterization are vital to the performance of the system in the rapidly developing area of wireless communication. Antennas are electronic components that transform electrical currents into electromagnetic waves and vice versa. They are critical to the operation of any wireless network and their design and optimization are therefore of paramount importance. The goal of this research was to find out how different factors, like antenna type, electromagnetic environment, RF, and channel characteristics, affect the efficiency of a wireless network. Multipath fading of 8 dB, shadow fading of 3 dB, and path loss of 100 dB were used in the study with a microstrip antenna in a suburban propagation scenario at an RF frequency of 5 GHz. Antenna design, electromagnetic propagation scenario, radio frequency (RF), and channel characteristics were all shown to have an impact on the wireless communication system performance. The performance metrics of the wireless sensor network were almost, but not quite, those that were hoped for in a real-world setting. Several avenues for future study are suggested, and the results have important implications for the design and optimization of wireless communication systems.