Treatment of asthma and eosinophilic allergic diseases using biological products

Abstract

Background: Asthma and other eosinophilic allergic diseases are heterogeneous syndromes encompassing various endotypes and phenotypic characteristics. The recent development of several targeted biological products has enabled the personalized treatment for heterogeneous pathophysiology in these diseases.Current Concepts: Biological products approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for such diseases primarily comprise monoclonal antibodies that block the pathway of type 2 inflammation, such as immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-5 receptor, IL-4α receptor, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. A practical strategy for selecting the optimal biological products for patients with severe eosinophilic allergic diseases is a shared decision-making process between the patient and physician on the basis of measurable biomarkers, co-morbidity, and patient preferences considering drug characteristics and costs.Discussion and Conclusion: The emergence of biological products in chronic eosinophilic allergic diseases has not only heralded an era of precise treatment but has also improved our understanding of the endogenous types through various treatment responses for each patient. The development of new biological products that affect various pathways and the discovery of novel biomarkers will facilitate the provision of optimized precision medicine to patients with severe uncontrolled diseases.