Measuring individual free-choice protein supplement consumption by wintering beef cattle

Abstract

Free-choice supplements provide protein, trace minerals, vitamins, salt and chemotherapeutic agents to cattle. For optimal benefit, a supplement should be consumed on a regular basis and at levels that do not vary significantly on a day-to-day basis. Many factors affect variability in supplement intake such as palatability of the supplement, competition between animals and the ease with which the supplement may be consumed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between a solid molasses-block supplement and a liquid-molasses supplement with respect to intake and the associated behaviors (attendance, duration, and intake rate). Using a cross-over design, 34 pregnant cows weighing 720 ± 11kg were randomly allocated to two separate groups (n = 17 for each group) and evaluated for two 3-wk periods (24 February to 16 March 1999 and 25 March to 14 April 1999), using both forms of the supplement. The individual intake was recorded by way of an electronic feeding system, which made use of an electromagnetic field around the feeder in conjunction with electronic identification (EID) tags, which registered each animal’s unique eight-digit number. Cows fed the liquid supplement visited the feeder more often (P < 0.05) when compared to those fed the block supplement. The mean dry matter intake did not differ between the supplements (349 g head-1 for the block and 330 g head-1 for the liquid), but there were significantly larger deviations in intake for the block supplement than the liquid (P < 0.05) indicating more uniformity in daily intake with the liquid supplement. In almost all cases the liquid supplement was consumed at a faster rate (P < 0.05) and significantly less time (P < 0.05) was spent at the feeder. Free-choice administration of additives in liquid supplements, as compared to blocks, may result in a more frequent and less variable intake. Key words: Protein, intake, supplement, cattle, behavior