Micronucleus formation in mussel’ (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck 1819) haemolymph, liver, and gill cells as a biomarker in the assessment of genotoxicity in İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey)

Abstract

The sea has involved a large variety of environmental contaminants and plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. The Izmir Bay, which has been rapidly polluted since the 1960s, was one of the intensely polluted areas in the Mediterranean. Organic materials, hydrocarbons, metals, and pathogenic organisms that are accumulated in the region, caused high pollution and threaten health and aesthetics. Because of this, the aim of this paper was focus on to investigations of the genetic damages in mussels in Izmir Bay. Investigations of mutagenic/carcinogenic potential have an advantage in genotoxicity studies because biomarker for pollution exposure in mussel is the early detection of possible long-term effects such as cancer. Therefore, genotoxicity was the focus of the biomarker investigations in mussel during the investigations. Thus, micronucleus tests were afforded to determine genetic damage in the haemolymph, liver, and gills of Mytilus galloprovincialis living in Izmir Bay (Western Coast of Turkey). In the present study, results showed that the frequency of MN was found at a high level in station 4 and station 5 where wastes from dockyard existed contributed to the high level of pollution. The recommendation is to standardize procedures for assessment of the toxic impact of pollutants at the cellular level in aquatic species by using micronucleus assays for biomonitoring of environmental pollution.