Review of international clinical guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Abstract

Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the leading problems of cardiological communities around the world. In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension occurs 2 times more often than in the general population, being mutually aggravating diseases and leading risk factors for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which lead to disability and increased cardiovascular mortality. Various cardiological and endocrinological communities pay special attention to the management of hypertension in patients with DM, taking into account comorbidity. The present review examines modern approaches to the management of hypertension in DM patients based on current international clinical recommendations. Most of the current practical guidelines and clinical recommendations emphasize the need for early combined antihypertensive therapy for diabetes, which is due to the complex multifactorial pathogenesis and a more severe course of hypertension in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. The main groups of antihypertensive drugs recommended for diabetes include: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, thiazide/thiazide-like diuretics, calcium antagonists.