Analysis of the effectiveness of COVID-19 coronavirus vaccination in patients with chronic heart failure at the outpatient stage of treatment

Abstract

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of COVID-19 coronavirus infection incidence in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) on the background of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus, to evaluate the role of vaccination in preventing decompensation of chronic heart failure, reducing mortality, primary disability in patients with cardiovascular diseases complicated by CHF.Materials and methods. The study included 200 people who were included in the Register of patients with CHF of the State Healthcare Institution “Gomel City Clinical Polyclinic No. 5 named after S. V. Golukhova”. Patients were divided into two equal in number groups: Group 1 unvaccinated against COVID-19 coronavirus infection (n = 100) and Group 2 vaccinated patients (n = 100). The follow-up was conducted for one year (2021) in an outpatient setting.Results. The incidence rate in the group of unvaccinated patients was 3.2 times higher. The incidences of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in the two groups were 16 (16 %) and 5 (5 %), respectively (χ2 = 5.32, p = 0.0210). The incidence of hospitalization for decompensation of CHF was 3.2 times higher in the unvaccinated group than in the vaccinated group (χ2 = 14.93, p = 0.0001). Lethality among the unvaccinated was recorded 1.8 times higher than in the vaccinated group (χ2 = 2.166, p = 0.1410). When comparing the rates of primary disability due to CVD, there was a tendency for increased disability in the unvaccinated cohort (χ2 = 0.592, p = 0.4420).Conclusion. It has been established that vvaccination contributes to the reduction of hospitalization for decompensation of CHF, reducing the risk of mortality.