Relapse of treated anti-GBM disease following hair dye use

Abstract

An 18-year-old woman was treated for acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange. She also had epistaxis at initial presentation with no other organ involvement and achieved good recovery of her kidney function. Two weeks after completing induction treatment, she re-presented with further AKI and pulmonary haemorrhage. She was recommenced on plasma exchange and steroids and was given rituximab. She recovered from her illness with significant improvement to her kidney function. The cause of her relapse was thought to be possibly due to the use of hair dye. This case highlights the importance of acknowledging potential environmental exposures to prevent relapses of disease. We were also able to demonstrate a case of successful treatment of anti-GBM disease with rituximab.