Periportal necrosis and successful liver transplantation following Lamotrigine drug-induced liver injury in a child

Abstract

Lamotrigine is one of the most prescribed antiepileptics in children and a well-known cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). The typical presentation usually includes a drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome). Cases are typically mild and self-limiting, requiring supportive care only. We report a severe Lamotrigine-induced DILI with a non-typical presentation with hyperammonaemia and rapid clinical deterioration. We present a literature review exploring contributing factors, transplant considerations and liver histology. Histology showed periportal necrosis, which is recognised as a pattern of DILI but has not been previously described with Lamotrigine. Our patient proceeded to transplant and is the first reported liver transplant for Lamotrigine DILI in a child. A directed and rapid diagnostic approach is crucial to avoid delays and rule out multisystemic metabolic and genetic conditions that preclude liver transplantation.