1. Creamatocrit: simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk;Lucas, A.; H, Gibbs J.A.; J, Lyster R.L.; D, Baum J.;Br Med J,1978
2. Wybenga D R, James B M, Inkpen A. Lipids. In: Henry R J, Cannon D C, Winkelman J W, eds. Clinical chemistry: principles and techniques, second edition. Hagerstown: Harper & Row, 1974: 1481-2.
3. The adverse effects of maternal smoking on fetal growth as judged by birthweight were first reported by Simpson in 1957.' Numerous subsequent studies have confirmed this observation. Rush2 suggested that these adverse effects were mainly because of nutritional differences between mothers who smoked and mothers who did not, but other studies have produced evidence for a direct toxic effect on fetal growth.3
4. Three hundred and twenty term (>37 weeks' gestation) infants and their mothers were studied. All infants were born in one unit in Cardiff (St David's Hospital) in 1978. Details of the pregnancy and measurements of mother and baby were made by one observer (ARJB), with informed parental consent. Gestation was assessed from menstrual dates and by the clinical method of Parkin et al.4