Abstract
ObjectiveA California, USA, law raised the minimum tobacco sales age to 21 (T21) on 9 June 2016. We investigated whether T21 was associated with reductions adolescents’ use of tobacco cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and electronic cigarettes and whether these associations differed across racial and ethnic groups.MethodsSecondary analyses of data from 2 956 054 7th, 9th and 11th grade students who participated in the California Healthy Kids Survey from 2010–11 to 2017–2018.ResultsMultilevel mixed effects logistic regression analyses showed that T21 was associated with reduced prevalence of lifetime smokeless tobacco and e-cigarette use and past month smokeless tobacco use in the overall student population. T21 was associated with increases in prevalence of past month e-cigarette use. Moderation analyses indicated differences by racial and ethnic groups. Notably, T21 was associated with reductions in lifetime and past 30-day use of all tobacco and nicotine products among Latinx youth. The findings were more mixed for other racial and ethnic groups. Slopes analyses indicated that T21 was associated with accelerated downward trends for 30-day cigarette and smokeless use; moderated trends for lifetime cigarette smoking such that downward slopes became less steep; and reversed downward trends for e-cigarette use. Changes in slopes varied across racial and ethnic groups.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of understanding the complex associations that T21 and other tobacco control policies have with the use of different tobacco and nicotine products among racial and ethnic groups. Future research should investigate mechanisms underlying these differences to inform tobacco control efforts.
Funder
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Center for Tobacco Products
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health(social science)
Reference36 articles.
1. Miech RA , Johnston LD , O'Malley PM , et al . Monitoring the Future national survey results on drug use, 1975-2019: Volume I, Secondary school students. Ann Arbor, MI: Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2020. http://monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/mtf-vol1_2019.pdf
2. US Department of Health and Human Services . The health consequences of smoking-fifty years of progress. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179276/
3. Association of electronic cigarette use with subsequent initiation of tobacco cigarettes in US youths;Berry;JAMA Netw Open,2019
4. Association of noncigarette tobacco product use with future cigarette smoking among youth in the population assessment of tobacco and health (path) study, 2013-2015;Watkins;JAMA Pediatr,2018
5. Tobacco 21: an important public policy to protect our youth;Farber;Ann Am Thorac Soc,2016
Cited by
13 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献