Efficacy of the FIFA cooling break heat policy during an intermittent treadmill football simulation in hot conditions in trained males

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.Methods12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O2peak: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRKno-cool), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRKcool: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHTonly) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHTcool). Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).ResultsFinal Trewas lower in BRKno-cool(0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRKcool(0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool(0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean Trewas lower in ExtHTcool(38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRKcool(38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRKno-cooland ExtHTonly(38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRKcool(6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool(7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p≥0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRKcool(0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHTcool(0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.ConclusionBRKcooland ExtHTcoolattenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.