1. Patterson et;al,1961
2. tumour' with 'definite glial pattern histologically', in a male, aged 24 at death, who developed metastases in the lung after a total course of 10 months. This case is unlikely to fall into the present group, since it closely resembled a medulloblastoma. The case interpreted by Watt;adenocarcinoma, in all probability bronchogenic,1968
3. The pathway of distant dissemination, in this as well as in the other reported cases, is presumed to have occurred via the blood stream. The frequency with which, in published reports, venous permeation is noted to have occurred in gliomas with extraneural metastasis has previously been emphasized. This feature has also been demonstrated in the exceptional instance in which extracranial deposits developed in the absence of previous craniotomy (Rubinstein, 1967). Whereas in some cases venous invasion was recorded only in distant sites, particularly the lungs, in some examples it was found at the primary locus, either in a main sinus or in dural veins within the intracranial cavity, or, as in the cases reviewed in this report, in the large pelvic and abdominal veins. The present observation therefore reinforces the view that, although venous permeation by a glioma is extremely rare, it should, when demonstrated at the primary site, be regarded as a harbinger of distant metastatic spread
4. Presacral and sacral tumours in children;Christensen, E.R.;Dan. med. Bull,1958
5. Kernohan, J. W. (1932). Primary tumors of the spinal cord and intradural filum terminale. In Cytology and Cellular Pathology of the Nervous System, vol. 3, pp 993-1025, edited by W. Penfield. Hoeber: New York.