Effect of nicotine corrective messaging on nicotine-related beliefs in US adults: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

IntroductionWidespread misperceptions of the health risks of nicotine could undermine the public health benefits of the Food and Drug Administration’s actions, including modified risk tobacco product authorisations and a reduced nicotine product standard for cigarettes.Methods794 US adults (aged 18+) in NORC’s AmeriSpeak panel participated in a randomised controlled trial in Spring 2021 to test the effect of three exposures to eight nicotine corrective messages (NCM) on beliefs about nicotine, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), e-cigarettes and reduced nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes at 3-month follow-up. Analyses conducted in 2022 examined the effect of study condition (NCM (n=393) vs no message control (n=401)) on nicotine beliefs, use intentions and use of nicotine and tobacco products.ResultsExposure to three NCM doses reduced nicotine (b=−0.33; 95% CI −0.60, –0.07), NRT (b=−0.49; 95% CI −0.85, –0.14), e-cigarette (b=−0.32; 95% CI −0.59, –0.05) and RNC cigarette false beliefs (b=−0.64; 95% CI −1.26, –0.02) compared with the control, controlling for baseline beliefs. Baseline tobacco use and concern about nicotine addiction attenuated intervention effects on false beliefs about RNC cigarettes. There were few intervention effects on intention or use of nicotine and tobacco products.ConclusionsRepeated exposure to NCM was necessary to reduce false beliefs about nicotine and tobacco products. Future studies will improve understanding of the dose and duration of nicotine education needed to shift intentions and behaviour, as well as tailored content for tobacco product users to achieve similar reductions in false beliefs as non-users.Trial registration numberNCT04805515.