Association between trauma triage and time-to-vaso-occlusive events in patients with sickle cell disease after traumatic injury: a retrospective study

Abstract

IntroductionSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with vaso-occlusive events (VOEs) that can lead to disease complications, including early mortality. Given that similar inflammatory responses characterize VOE and traumatic injury, injured patients with SCD may be vulnerable to acute complications. This study is the first to examine whether traumatic injury is associated with increased severity of future VOEs.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted using electronic health record data from an SCD clinic in Western Pennsylvania; 356 patients with SCD from January 2000 to July 2021 were identified via retrospective chart review. 55 patients were eligible based on continuous medical record data spanning 1 year preinjury and postinjury. Patients were sorted into three treatment groups based on injury management: (1) Neither triage to trauma team activation (TTA) nor inpatient admission (Early Discharge), (2) Triage but no inpatient admission (Triage Only), and (3)Triage and In-patient. Outcomes included time from injury to first VOE, annual VOE counts requiring an emergency department (ED) visit, and ED length of stay (LOS) for the first VOE after injury.ResultsEarly Dischargeindividuals experienced a VOE event within 2.93 days of injury, significantly shorter time to event thanTriage and In-patientindividuals at 52.375 days andTriage Onlyindividuals at 100.16 days (p=0.0058). No difference in annual VOE counts was noted postinjury across all groups. However, a significant increase in VOE LOS preinjury (16.1 hours) to postinjury (77.4 hours) was noted only for theTriage Onlygroup (p=0.038). Cox regression model showed that shortened time to VOE events was marginally associated with TTA status (p=0.06).ConclusionDespite minimal changes in long-term VOE outcomes after injury, traumatic injuries may accelerate the time-to-VOE among theEarly Dischargegroup. Therefore, future research is warranted to analyze whether the absence of postinjury triage assessment and intervention may cause unforeseen physiologic stressors contributing to VOE outcomes.Level of evidenceLevel IV: retrospective case-control study with three negative criteria.