COVID-19 and mental health in China: the effects of personality

Abstract

BackgroundChina was the first country affected by the COVID-19 virus, and it is a very important case to study the effects of the virus and the consequent restrictions. However, national representative studies of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health in China are still limited.MethodsUsing two waves of the China Family Panel Studies, we follow the same individuals before and during the pandemic. We compare weighted means using 95% CIs to explore mental health deterioration, and we and perform several linear regressions with the Ordinaly Least Square (OLS) estimator to identify individuals most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsThe prevalence of severe cases of depression, measured using an eight-item version of the common Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), increased from 6.68% in 2018 to 7.86% in 2020; quantifiable as around a 18% increase. This deterioration is higher for individuals subject to strict lockdowns, about 0.4 symptoms more on average, and it is stronger among those who already reported symptoms of depression in the 2018 wave of data. Individuals with more open personalities tend to experience more severe deterioration: a 1 SD change in the openness trait corresponds to 0.05 more symptoms. On the other hand, more neurotic individuals seem less negatively affected.ConclusionWe find clear evidence of a moderate level of mental health deterioration between 2018 and 2020. These effects are larger for individuals subject to stricter lockdowns and for individuals with more open personalities.