Rheumatoid arthritis and changes on spirometry by smoking status in two prospective longitudinal cohorts

Abstract

Objective To compare longitudinal changes in spirometric measures between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA comparators. Methods We analysed longitudinal data from two prospective cohorts: the UK Biobank and COPDGene. Spirometry was conducted at baseline and a second visit after 5–7 years. RA was identified based on self-report and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use; non-RA comparators reported neither. The primary outcomes were annual changes in the per cent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 %) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%). Statistical comparisons were performed using multivariable linear regression. The analysis was stratified based on baseline smoking status and the presence of obstructive pattern (FEV 1 /FVC <0.7). Results Among participants who underwent baseline and follow-up spirometry, we identified 233 patients with RA and 37 735 non-RA comparators. Among never-smoking participants without an obstructive pattern, RA was significantly associated with more FEV 1 % decline (β=−0.49, p=0.04). However, in ever smokers with ≥10 pack-years, those with RA exhibited significantly less FEV 1 % decline than non-RA comparators (β=0.50, p=0.02). This difference was more pronounced among those with an obstructive pattern at baseline (β=1.12, p=0.01). Results were similar for FEV 1 /FVC decline. No difference was observed in the annual FVC% change in RA versus non-RA. Conclusions Smokers with RA, especially those with baseline obstructive spirometric patterns, experienced lower FEV 1 % and FEV 1 /FVC decline than non-RA comparators. Conversely, never smokers with RA had more FEV 1 % decline than non-RA comparators. Future studies should investigate potential treatments and the pathogenesis of obstructive lung diseases in smokers with RA.