Four-year observation of the changes in corneal endothelium cell density and correlated factors after Implantable Collamer Lens V4c implantation

Abstract

Background To evaluate the changes in corneal endothelium cell density (ECD) and the correlated factors after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) V4c implantation. Methods In this retrospective, consecutive study, 48 eyes of 25 patients with myopia who underwent ICL V4c implantation were enrolled. Patients were followed up for at least 4 years, during which manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure, ECD, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), vault and distance from the corneal endothelium to the central ICL (C-ICL) were measured. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to identify variables correlated with changes in ECD, and generalised estimating equation model adjusting within-patient intereye correlations was used to predict changes in ECD. Results All surgeries were performed safely with no complications during follow-up (average 52±2.9 months). Safety and efficacy indices were 1.23±0.22 and 1.04±0.16, respectively. No eyes had decreased CDVA, and 67% gained one or more lines. Further, 79% were within ±0.50 D, and 100% were within ±1.0 D of the attempted refraction. Additionally, a 4.03%±2.2% reduction in ECD compared with the preoperative value was observed at the last follow-up visit. Changes in ECD were significantly correlated with vault, C-ICL, change in ACA and change in ACV. Vault was the most significant factor for changes in ECD. Conclusions ICL V4c implantation is safe and effective for myopia correction. Anterior segment biometric parameters including the vault, ACA and C-ICL may influence changes in ECD; specifically, the vault plays a major role.