1. Reilly et al, 1976'4
2. Houcke et al, 1980'5
3. The Table shows the negative influence of fistulae on the one year remission rate in active Crohn's disease (89% v 50%, in the absence or presence of fistulae, respectively). The mean rate of healing of chronic fistulae is 40%, the figure being greater for small bowel (75%) than for colonic fistulae (33%). The main effect of total parenteral nutrition on the healing of Crohn's fistula apparently resides in the induced nutritional repletion rather than in bowel rest. As long as there is no distal obstruction, however, closure of fistulae seems to be achieved quicker with parenteral, rather than enteral, nutrition.16 In association with total parenteral nutrition no other treatment, either steroids or azathioprine, has proved as clinically efficient in fistula healing
4. Place de l'alimentation parenterale dans le traitement des enterocolites cryptogenetiques;Lerebours, E.; Hecketsweiler, P.;Gastroenterol Clin Biol,1982
5. Controlled trial of intravenous hyperalimentation and total bowel rest as an adjunct to the routine therapy of acute colitis;Dickinson, R.J.; Ashton, M.G.; Axon, A.T.R.; Smith, R.C.; Yeung, C.K.; Hill, G.L.;Gastroenterology,1980