Primary care providers’ perspectives on referrals to the Diabetes Prevention Programme: a qualitative comparative study across varied referral patterns

Abstract

IntroductionDespite the effectiveness of Diabetes Prevention Programmes (DPP) in reducing diabetes risk, primary care provider (PCP) referrals remain low, especially among men and racial/ethnic minorities, exacerbating their under-representation in DPPs. Understanding PCPs’ perspectives on referrals is crucial for enhancing the intervention’s reach and effectiveness.Research design and methodsWe conducted a qualitative study to explore PCPs’ experiences, perspectives and engagement with DPP referrals, focusing on factors influencing variations in referral rates. Based on electronic record data, high and low-referring PCPs from a large integrated health system in the Bronx, NY, participated in interviews conducted between February and September 2023. Interviews were conducted and recorded on Zoom, anonymised, transcribed and analysed using the constant comparative method.ResultsFrom 22 PCP interviews, 4 themes emerged representing factors that influenced referrals: (1) perceived barriers to the patient engagement with the DPP, including infrastructure gaps, programme accessibility issues and unmet social needs, particularly affecting low-referring PCPs; (2) perceived effectiveness of the DPP, with concerns raised about its efficacy, especially for male and socioeconomically disadvantaged patients; (3) perceived self-efficacy in referring patients, driven by knowledge gaps and limited opportunities, especially among low-referrers and (4) recommendations to facilitate and strengthen referrals, highlighting areas for PCP and patient support. The perspectives of high-referring/low-referring PCPs often differed across these themes and associated subthemes.ConclusionsOur research illuminates the challenges PCPs face in treating prediabetic patients and factors influencing DPP referrals in underserved populations. This understanding can guide interventions to enhance equitable DPP referrals and engagement, thereby reducing diabetes risk in vulnerable populations.