Assessing the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in tertiary care: a SwissDiab Study

Abstract

Introduction The overall aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) among patients in tertiary care with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Research design and methods The cross-sectional analysis was based on outpatients in tertiary diabetes care enrolled in the Swiss Diabetes Registry with T2DM and a study visit January 1, 2020–March 31, 2021. Prevalence of CKD was ascertained as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and/or persistent albuminuria as defined by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, and the proportion of patients prescribed SGLT2i was determined. Documented reasons for non-treatment with SGLT2i were extracted by a retrospective review of the medical records. Results Of 368 patients with T2DM, 1.1% (n=4) were excluded due to missing data. Of the remaining 364 patients, 47.3% (n=172) had CKD of which 32.6% (n=56) were prescribed SGLT2i. The majority (75%) of these patients were on treatment already in 2018, before the renoprotective effects of SGLT2i were established. Among the 116 patients without SGLT2i, 19.0% had known contraindications, 9.5% stopped treatment due to adverse events, 5.2% had other reasons, and no underlying reason for non-treatment could be identified for 66.4%. Conclusions A divergence between recommended standard of care and implementation in daily clinical practice was observed. Although treatment should always consider patient-specific circumstances, the results highlight the need to reinforce current treatment recommendations to ensure patients benefit from the best available care.