Choroidal neovascularisation secondary toX-linked retinoschisis

Abstract

AimsChoroidal neovascularisation (CNV) in patients with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) has been poorly documented. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of CNV in patients with XLRS, as well as analyse the preliminary genotype–phenotype correlation.MethodsA retrospective case series of patients with genetically confirmed XLRS was included. Demographic, clinical and genetic features were analysed, with a comparison between CNV and non-CNV eyes.ResultsAmong 185 eyes of 129 patients with XLRS, the prevalence of CNV was 8.1% (15/185). The mean diagnostic age of all patients with CNV is 5.1±2.56 years. CNV eyes exhibited a mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) of 1.37±0.74. All CNVs were classified as subretinal and active. Peripapillary CNVs accounted for 80.0% (12/15), while subfoveal CNVs accounted for 20.0% (3/15). In CNV eyes, the prevalence of macular atrophy (5/15, 33.3%, p=0.013) and bullous peripheral schisis (14/15, 93.3%, p=0.000) was higher compared with non-CNV eyes. Additionally, CNV eyes exhibited poorer integrity of the outer retina and BCVA (p=0.007) compared with non-CNV eyes. All 15 eyes with CNV underwent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy. Genotype analysis revealed that 7 of 10 patients (70.0%, 10 eyes) were predicted to have missense variants, while 3 of 10 patients (30.0%, 5 eyes) exhibited severe variants.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CNV in XLRS eyes was found to be 8.1%. All CNVs secondary to XLRS were active and classified as type 2. CNV eyes demonstrated poorer visual function and compromised retinal structures. Anti-VEGF therapy demonstrated effectiveness in treating XLRS-CNVs. No significant genotype–phenotype correlation was established.