1. No data are available on the issue whether MMT is protective against the lending of syringes, and little is known whether IDUs in MMT have lower levels of sexual risk behaviour (ie, lower numbers of sex partners, increased levels of condom use)." '1 In Berlin, no formal MMT was available until 1989. Since then MMT has been provided by general practitioners and includes regular medical and psychosocial counselling. It is required that IDUs attend counselling sessions. IDUs with serious health problems (such as HIV related diseases), and IDUs with long and severe injecting careers have better access to MMT in Germany than other IDUs. A range of additional AIDS prevention measures have been implemented in Berlin since 1985, including syringe exchange programmes, outreach work, and extended treatment facilities. There is a need to determine whether MMT has a role in reducing risk behaviour among IDUs in a community where IDUs have good access to sterile injection equipment
2. Human immuno-deficiency virus infection in heterosexual intravenous drug users in San Francisco;Chaisson, R.E.; Moss, A.R.; Onishi, R.; Osmond, D.; Carlson, JR;Am J Public Health,1987
3. Cocaine injection and ethnicity in parenteral drug users during the early years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in New York City;Novick, D.M.; Trigg, H.L.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; Friedman, SR, Vlahov; D, Kreek; M.J.;J Med Virol,1989
4. Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection in intravenous drug users. NEngl _JMed;Schoenbaum, E.E.; Hartel, D.; Selwyn, P.A.,1989
5. International epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among injecting drug users;AIDS,1992