SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in Sierra Leone, March 2021: a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey

Author:

Barrie Mohamed Bailor,Lakoh Sulaiman,Kelly J Daniel,Kanu Joseph Sam,Squire James Sylvester,Koroma Zikan,Bah Silleh,Sankoh Osman,Brima Abdulai,Ansumana Rashid,Goldberg Sarah A,Chitre Smit,Osuagwu Chidinma,Frankfurter Raphael,Maeda Justin,Barekye Bernard,Numbere Tamuno-Wari,Abdulaziz Mohammed,Mounts Anthony,Blanton Curtis,Singh TusharORCID,Samai Mohamed,Vandi Mohamed,Richardson Eugene TORCID

Abstract

IntroductionAs of 26 March 2021, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention had reported 4 159 055 cases of COVID-19 and 111 357 deaths among the 55 African Union member states; however, no country has published a nationally representative serosurvey as of October 2021. Such data are vital for understanding the pandemic’s progression on the continent, evaluating containment measures, and policy planning.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative, age-stratified serosurvey in Sierra Leone in March 2021 by randomly selecting 120 Enumeration Areas throughout the country and 10 randomly selected households in each of these. One to two persons per selected household were interviewed to collect information on sociodemographics, symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, exposure history to laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, and history of COVID-19 illness. Capillary blood was collected by fingerstick, and blood samples were tested using the Hangzhou Biotest Biotech RightSign COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette. Total seroprevalence was estimated after applying sampling weights.ResultsThe overall weighted seroprevalence was 2.6% (95% CI 1.9% to 3.4%). This was 43 times higher than the reported number of cases. Rural seropositivity was 1.8% (95% CI 1.0% to 2.5%), and urban seropositivity was 4.2% (95% CI 2.6% to 5.7%).DiscussionOverall seroprevalence was low compared with countries in Europe and the Americas (suggesting relatively successful containment in Sierra Leone). This has ramifications for the country’s third wave (which started in June 2021), during which the average number of daily reported cases was 87 by the end of the month:this could potentially be on the order of 3700 actual infections per day, calling for stronger containment measures in a country with only 0.2% of people fully vaccinated. It may also reflect significant under-reporting of incidence and mortality across the continent.

Funder

Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation

Africa CDC

NIAID

NIGMS

Publisher

BMJ

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy

Reference35 articles.

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