Author:
Shaikh Shiraz,Baig Lubna Ansari,Hashmi Ibrahim,Khan Mirwais,Jamali Seemin,Khan Muhammad Naseem,Saleemi Munir Akhtar,Zulfiqar Komal,Ehsan Sumera,Yasir Iram,Haq Zia ul,Mazharullah Lubna,Zaib Samina
Abstract
ObjectivesTo determine the magnitude and determinants of violence against healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify the predominant types and causes of violence experienced by them.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey based on structured questionnaire adopted from previous surveys and qualitative data was conducted in 4 large cities and 12 districts in 3 provinces of Pakistan. The survey covered 8579 from all cadres of HCWs, including doctors, nurses, technicians, support staff, ambulance workers, vaccinators, lady health visitors, midwives and lady health workers (LHWs). The predictors of overall violence experienced, physical violence experienced and verbal violence experienced were separately analysed for tertiary care hospitals, secondary care hospitals, primary care hospitals and field-level HCWs. Logistic regression was used to compute adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for the association of different factors with the violence experienced.ResultsMore than one-third (38.4%) reported having experienced any form of violence in the last 6 months. Verbal violence was the most commonly experienced form (33.9%), followed by physical violence (6.6%). The main reasons for physical violence were death of patients (17.6%), serious condition of patients (16.6%) and delay in care (13.4%). Among the different types of field HCWs, emergency vehicle operators were significantly more likely to experience verbal violence compared with LHWs (adjusted OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.31 to 2.94; p=0.001). Among hospital HCWs, those working in private hospitals were significantly less likely to experience physical violence (adjusted OR=0.52; 95% CI 0.38 to 0.71; p=0.001) and verbal violence (adjusted OR=0.57; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.68; p=0.001).ConclusionViolence against HCWs exists in various forms among all cadres and at different levels of care. The gaps in capacity, resources and policies are evident. Specific strategies need to be adopted for different types of HCWs to protect them against violence.*The study was conducted under the framework of ICRC’s Healthcare in Danger Initiative for protection of healthcare against Violence
Funder
International Committee of Red Cross
Subject
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Health Policy
Reference37 articles.
1. WHO document . World report on violence and health. Available: www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/en/
2. Health policy and Economic Research Unit, British Medical Association . Violence at work: the experience of UK doctors. London: BMA house, 2003.
3. Conseil international des infirmières . Guidelines on coping with violence in the workplace. Geneva: International Council of Nurses, 1999.
4. World Health Organization . Violence: a public health priority. global consultation on violence and health, 1996.
5. Al-Omari H . Physical and verbal workplace violence against nurses in Jordan. IntNurs Rev 2015.
Cited by
34 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献