COVID-19 pandemic impact on hypertension management in North East London: an observational cohort study using electronic health records

Abstract

ObjectiveThere are established inequities in the monitoring and management of hypertension in England. The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on primary care management of long-term conditions such as hypertension. This study investigated the possible disproportionate impact of the pandemic across patient groups.DesignOpen cohort of people with diagnosed hypertension.SettingsNorth East London primary care practices from January 2019 to October 2022.ParticipantsAll 224 329 adults with hypertension registered in 193 primary care practices.OutcomesMonitoring and management of hypertension were assessed using two indicators: (i) blood pressure recorded within 1 year of the index date and (ii) blood pressure control to national clinical practice guidelines.ResultsThe proportion of patients with a contemporaneous blood pressure recording fell from a 91% pre-pandemic peak to 62% at the end of the pandemic lockdown and improved to 77% by the end of the study. This was paralleled by the proportion of individuals with controlled hypertension which fell from a 73% pre-pandemic peak to 50% at the end of the pandemic lockdown and improved to 60% by the end of the study. However, when excluding patients without a recent blood pressure recording, the proportions of patients with controlled hypertension increased to 81%, 80% and 78% respectively.Throughout the study, in comparison to the White ethnic group, the Black ethnic group was less likely to achieve adequate blood pressure control (ORs 0.81 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.85, p<0.001) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.91, p<0.001)). Conversely, the Asian ethnic group was more likely to have controlled blood pressure (ORs 1.09 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.14, p<0.001) to 1.28 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.32, p<0.001)). Men, younger individuals, more affluent individuals, individuals with unknown or unrecorded ethnicity or those untreated were also less likely to have blood pressure control to target throughout the study.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic had a greater impact on blood pressure recording than on blood pressure control. Inequities in blood pressure control persisted during the pandemic and remain outstanding.