Prognostic significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ovarian carcinoma

Abstract

IntroductionOvarian carcinoma is associated with the highest mortality of all gynecologic malignancies. Even after optimal treatment, prognosis remains poor. There is no established biomarker to predict individual patient outcome.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic significance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in tumor tissues from patients with ovarian cancer.MethodsTissue micro-arrays were prepared from routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and examined immunohistochemically for the expression of programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and one of its ligands (PD-L1) on epithelial tumor cells, as well as on tumor- and stroma-infiltrating immune cells.ResultsThe presence of PD-1 positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells was significantly associated with prolonged overall survival. PD-1 and PD-L1 positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells were associated with the presence of lymph node metastases and higher tumor grade. Interestingly, the amount of PD-1/PD-L1 positive tumor- and stroma-infiltrating immune cells independent of PD-1 or PD-L1 expression did not show any significant correlation with prognostic variables.ConclusionOur results highlight the prognostic value of PD-1 and PD-L1 positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells in ovarian carcinoma. Their association with favorable prognosis supports the hypothesis that the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 on tumor-infiltrating immune cells represents a strong immune response.