1. Campbell and Missen,1957
2. Wakai and Edwards,1958
3. 1.-Results of operation for endocardial cushion defects based on classification of Campbell and Missen;F.I.G.,1957
4. Eighty-four infants and children with endocardial cushion defects have been operated upon during the past 10 years at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Employing the classification of Campbell and Missen (1957), 56 were in grade I, 5 in grade II, and 23 in grade III. As we would expect, grade III defects were operated upon early in life with only one survivor in 13 cases. Banding of the pulmonary artery may offer some hope for these infants. Grade II defects are uncommon, with one death in 5 cases. Grade I defects are common in the age-group 2-15 years, and of 56 cases 6 died following operation, 2 of these following re-operation for severe mitral insufficiency. At least 60 per cent of all survivals have some degree of mitral incompetence. Grade I defects demand meticulous correction of mitral insufficiency and avoidance of heart block. In the older child a malformed mitral valve should be replaced if possible
5. Endocardial cushion defects: common atrio-ventricular canal and ostium primum;Campbell, M.; Missen, G.A.K.;Brit. Heart J,1957