Peritoneal mesothelial hyperplasia associated with gynaecological disease: a potential diagnostic pitfall that is commonly associated with endometriosis

Author:

Oparka Richard,McCluggage W Glenn,Herrington C Simon

Abstract

AimsTo describe the clinicopathological features of florid peritoneal mesothelial hyperplasia associated with gynaecological disease.MethodsReview of a series of 44 cases where there was significant peritoneal mesothelial proliferation, usually on the surface of the ovary, which resulted in diagnostic problems, often including a consideration of malignancy.ResultsFlorid mesothelial proliferation was associated with a variety of benign and malignant lesions, most commonly endometriosis. The most characteristic morphological appearance was that of small bland tubules and nests and cords of cells often embedded in fibrous tissue, sometimes with a linear arrangement. In a minority of cases, there were closely packed small glands and papillae resulting in mimicry of a serous proliferation; psammoma bodies were present in one such case. In several cases, the groups of mesothelial cells either exhibited true lymphovascular invasion or were surrounded by spaces closely simulating lymphovascular invasion. Although most cases were appreciated to represent a reactive mesothelial proliferation, several were referred with a presumed or possible diagnosis of mesothelioma, low-grade serous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenomatoid tumour or Sertoli cell tumour. Positive staining with calretinin and negative staining with Ber-EP4 often helped to identify the cells as mesothelial rather than epithelial.ConclusionsFlorid peritoneal mesothelial hyperplasia can occur in association with a variety of gynaecological disorders. Recognition of this phenomenon and appreciation that it can produce worrisome histological patterns, particularly when associated with endometriosis, is key to reaching the correct diagnosis.

Publisher

BMJ

Subject

General Medicine,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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1. “Bunch of Grapes”: A Case of Innumerable Endometriotic Cysts;Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology;2024-01

2. Benign peritoneal lesions: a brief review of selected entities;Diagnostic Histopathology;2023-10

3. Tumor-Like Lesions and Endometriosis, Pathology of the Peritoneum;Encyclopedia of Pathology;2023

4. Tumor-Like Lesions and Endometriosis, Pathology of the Peritoneum;Encyclopedia of Pathology;2023

5. Peritoneal Mesothelioma—An Update;Advances in Anatomic Pathology;2022-12-12

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