1. John M. Barry,The Great Influenza: The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History(New York:Penguin,2005),5.
2. J. N. Hays,Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History(Santa Barbaraca:abc-clioInc.,2005),385;Alfred W. Crosby,America's Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918(New York:Cambridge University Press,1989),311.