To Nature- and Resource-saving Technologies for Underground Mining of the Complex Structure Deposits

Abstract

The results of long-term scientific and practical studies of the completeness of the use of mineral resources and the safety of miners in the underground mining of rock type ore deposits are presented. The goal is to improve the technologies for the extraction and processing of resources on the principles of nature and resource conservation in the context of a reduction in the mineral reserves, the use of poor metal-containing raw materials and mining tailings. Proposals are developed to improve the management of the state of ore-bearing massifs. The regularities of their behavior under conditions of volumetric compression and geomechanical balance of elements of the natural and technogenic system are considered. Recommendations are given to improve the parameters for managing the state of massifs adjusted for the geomechanical and seismic conditions and structural features of the deposits. Promising directions for further research of the problem are outlined. Their efficiency was assessed by comparing the options for the development of the situation considering the costs of redistributing and protecting the population in the zone of mining facilities influence. The role is established concerning the structures made of destroyed rocks in natural massifs in optimizing the normative strength of artificial massifs created in the developed space. There is a tendency towards stricter requirements for environmental protection and occupational safety in the mining industry. It is shown that the optimization of mining technology based on the geomechanical factors increases the safety of production and reduces the negative impact on the environment and the population of the mining region. An assessment is given of the prospects for expanding the scope of application of low-cost technologies for managing the state of rock masses in the underground development of complexly structured deposits.