Metaprofylaxis of salmonellosis in poultry enterprises: review

Abstract

Metaprophylaxis is aimed at preventing the recurrence of outbreaks and the isolation of the causative agent of an infectious disease. Salmonellosis continues to be a serious threat to the poultry industry and the end consumer of the industry's products. The incidence rates of salmonellosis in the world population from year to year remain consistently high, despite all the efforts made by the medical community. First of all, this phenomenon should be associated with a high level of contamination of food products, especially those obtained in the poultry industry. This causes the stationarity of the infection and the recurrence of epizootic foci. The existing data on epizootic and epidemiological control of poultry and processing enterprises probably do not fully reflect the objective picture of salmonellosis. The solution to the problem could be the introduction of national state programs for the control, prevention and fight against salmonellosis. The prospects of this direction are emphasized by a number of researchers who are constantly looking for more effective means and ways to combat the indicated pathology.The results of studies carried out on the basis of the FSC VIEV as part of monitoring demonstrate an expansion of the spectrum of non-traditional Salmonella serovariants circulating in poultry farms of the Russian Federation. In view of this, the relevance of the search and implementation of new methods of combating salmonellosis is increasing. The presented review covers the history and taxonomy of bacteria of the genus Salmonella, the pathogenicity factors of the pathogen that cause the widespread infection, transmission, etiopathogenesis of salmonellosis, mechanisms of resistance to antibacterial drugs and other features, as well as measures for metaprophylaxis of salmonella infection, incl. using biodisinfectants based on bacteriophages.