Monitoring of the epizootic situation in some natural focal zoonoses

Abstract

Zoonoses include a large group of infectious diseases (about 190), the source of infection and reservoir of which are many species of agricultural, domestic, wild, synanthropic animals and birds. Zoonoses spread naturally among animals and humans. At the same time, a person for pathogens of zoonoses is rarely a source, never a reservoir, and often a biological dead end, that is, when a person is infected in his body, the pathogen dies and epizootic and infectious processes spontaneously fade away. Infections that have territories with a certain landscape, within the boundaries of which the pathogen circulates throughout the epizootic chain for a long time, according to the theory of academician E.H. Pavlovsky, are called natural focal infections [9]. It is very difficult to eliminate the incidence of natural focal infections, since their pathogens exist in natural foci, and currently no state in the world can consider itself protected from the risk of their pathogens entering its territory [14, 21]. The purpose of the study is to review foreign and domestic literary sources on the spread of some natural focal zoonoses (rabies, anthrax, leptospirosis, brucellosis, dirofilariasis), the system of epizootological control and supervision over them. The materials for the review article were studies by scientists from 10 federal districts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Armenia. The main research methods are structural and systematic analysis of OIE documents and official Rosselkhoznadzor websites. Epizootological control and supervision of the above-mentioned natural focal zoonoses is necessary for timely response to the occurrence, spread of epizootic foci and their limitation to sporadic outbreaks with coordinated actions of veterinary and medical services in the entrusted and adjacent territories.