1. Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
2. Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
3. Division of Stroke Care Unit/Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
4. Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
5. Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
6. Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
7. Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
8. Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
9. Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
10. Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
11. Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
12. Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
13. Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu, Japan