Resistance of New Zealand Provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, Kunzea linearis, and Metrosideros excelsa to Austropuccinia psidii

Author:

Smith Grant R.1ORCID,Ganley Beccy J.2,Chagné David3,Nadarajan Jayanthi3,Pathirana Ranjith N.3,Ryan Julie3,Arnst Elise A.4,Sutherland Roanne5,Soewarto Julia5ORCID,Houliston Gary4,Marsh Alby T.3,Koot Emily3,Carnegie Angus J.6,Menzies Tracey7,Lee David J.8,Shuey Louise S.7,Pegg Geoff S.7

Affiliation:

1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand

2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand

3. The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand

4. Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand

5. Scion, Rotorua 3010, New Zealand

6. Forest Science, Department of Primary Industries–Forestry, Parramatta, NSW 2150 Australia

7. The Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia

8. The University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland 4558, Australia

Abstract

Resistance to the pandemic strain of Austropuccinia psidii was identified in New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, and K. linearis plants. Only 1 Metrosideros excelsa-resistant plant was found (of the 570 tested) and no resistant plants of either Lophomyrtus bullata or L. obcordata were found. Three types of resistance were identified in Leptospermum scoparium. The first two, a putative immune response and a hypersensitive response, are leaf resistance mechanisms found in other myrtaceous species while on the lateral and main stems a putative immune stem resistance was also observed. Both leaf and stem infection were found on K. robusta and K. linearis plants as well as branch tip dieback that developed on almost 50% of the plants. L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis are the first myrtaceous species where consistent infection of stems has been observed in artificial inoculation trials. This new finding and the first observation of significant branch tip dieback of plants of the two Kunzea spp. resulted in the development of two new myrtle rust disease severity assessment scales. Significant seed family and provenance effects were found in L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis: some families produced significantly more plants with leaf, stem, and (in Kunzea spp.) branch tip dieback resistance, and provenances provided different percentages of resistant families and plants. The distribution of the disease symptoms on plants from the same seed family, and between plants from different seed families, suggested that the leaf, stem, and branch tip dieback resistances were the result of independent disease resistance mechanisms.

Funder

Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand

Publisher

Scientific Societies

Subject

Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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