One Crop Disease, How Many Pathogens? Podosphaera xanthii and Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. Identified as the Two Species that Cause Powdery Mildew of Mungbean (Vigna radiata) and Black Gram (V. mungo) in Australia

Author:

Kelly Lisa A.12,Vaghefi Niloofar1,Bransgrove Kaylene3,Fechner Nigel A.4,Stuart Kara5,Pandey Abhay K.6ORCID,Sharma Mamta7,Németh Márk Z.8,Liu Shu-Yan9,Tang Shu-Rong9,Nair Ramakrishnan M.6,Douglas Colin A.10,Kiss Levente1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Southern Queensland, Centre for Crop Health, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia

2. Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4350 Toowoomba, Australia

3. Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4102 Dutton Park, Australia

4. Queensland Government, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Herbarium, Mt. Coot-tha Botanic Gardens, QLD 4066 Toowong, Australia

5. Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4102 Dutton Park, Australia

6. World Vegetable Center, South Asia, ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, India

7. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad 502324, India

8. Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary

9. Jilin Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Changchun 130118, Jilin Province, China

10. Queensland Government, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, QLD 4370 Warwick, Australia

Abstract

Powdery mildew is a significant threat to mungbean (Vigna radiata) and black gram (V. mungo) production across Australia and overseas. Although they have been present in Australia for at least six decades and are easily recognized in the field, the precise identification of the pathogens causing this disease has remained unclear. Our goal was to identify the powdery mildew species infecting mungbean, black gram, and wild mungbean (V. radiata ssp. sublobata) in Australia. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit sequences of the ribosomal DNA and/or morphology of 57 Australian specimens were examined. Mungbean and black gram were infected by two species: Podosphaera xanthii and a newly recognized taxon, Erysiphe vignae sp. nov. Wild mungbean was infected only with P. xanthii. Mungbean and black gram powdery mildew ITS sequences from China, India, and Taiwan revealed the presence of only P. xanthii on these crops despite controversial reports of an Erysiphe species on both crops in India. Sequence analyses indicated that the closest relative of E. vignae is E. diffusa, which infects soybean (Glycine max) and other plants. E. vignae did not infect soybean in cross-inoculation tests. In turn, E. diffusa from soybean infected black gram and provoked hypersensitive response in mungbean. The recognition of a second species, E. vignae, as another causal agent of mungbean and black gram powdery mildew in Australia may complicate plant breeding efforts and control of the disease with fungicide applications.

Funder

University of Southern Queensland

Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

USQ/DAF Broad Acre Cropping Initiative

Publisher

Scientific Societies

Subject

Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science

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