Epidemics of Meloidogyne brasilensis in Central Brazil on Processing Tomato Hybrids That Have the Root-Knot Nematode Mi Resistance Gene

Abstract

The species Meloidogyne brasilensis Charchar & Eisenback 2002 was described as causing root rot, severe wilt, and numerous galls in pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Brasília-Federal District and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Rossol (known to have the root-knot nematode resistance Mi gene) in Londrina-Paraná State, Brazil. To our knowledge, this current work is the first report of the epidemics on tomato hybrids that have the Mi gene caused by infection of M. brasilensis in central Brazil. Samples were obtained from fields with two commercial hybrids that have the Mi gene (‘Calroma’ and ‘Nemapride’) that were cultivated under center-pivot irrigation in Silvânia, Goiás State. These hybrids exhibited slow vegetative development and malformed roots because of the high number of large galls. Symptomatic plants were collected from a tomato crop area of more than 100 ha. Random sampling indicated field sectors with up to 100% of symptomatic plants. Morphological and morphometric evaluations of this Meloidogyne population were carried out with the female perineal pattern, stylet, and excretory pore and also with the male body traits, labial disc, and stylet. The esterase phenotype was unique for this population with four clear bands (J. M. Charchar, unpublished data). Altogether, the morphological and biochemical characteristics of this population were in agreement with that reported for M. brasilensis (1). Koch's postulates were fulfilled using tomato ‘Rutgers’ (susceptible) and ‘Rossol' (with the Mi resistance locus) under greenhouse conditions. The massive use of tomato hybrids with the Mi gene could be a strong selection factor favoring this pathogen under growing conditions in central Brazil. Germplasm screen searching for sources of resistance specific to this nematode species is advisable. Reference: (1) J. M. Charchar and J. D. Eisenback. Nematology 4:629, 2002.