Impact of Phenamacril on the Growth and Development of Fusarium pseudograminearum and Control of Crown Rot of Wheat

Abstract

Fusarium pseudograminearum is the dominant pathogen causing Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat. Phenamacril is a 2-cyanoacrylate fungicide, having a control effect on diseases caused by Fusarium spp. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of phenamacril on F. pseudograminearum and its control efficacy against FCR. The results showed that phenamacril had a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of F. pseudograminearum, EC50 values of phenamacril to 63 tested strains were in the range of 0.0998 to 0.5672 μg/ml, and the average EC50 value was 0.3403 ± 0.0872 μg/ml and could be used as the baseline sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to phenamacril. Phenamacril reduced the germination rate of conidia of F. pseudograminearum, and the EC50 value was 5.0273 to 26.4814 μg/ml. In addition, we found that phenamacril had a teratogenic effect on conidia and blastotubules, which increased the ratio of conidial germination from the middle cells and showed high efficacy on the sporulation quantity of F. pseudograminearum with an EC50 value in the range of 0.0770 to 0.1064 μg/ml. There was no significant correlation between the sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to phenamacril and its sensitivity to fludioxonil, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and kresoxim-methyl. In vitro and greenhouse assays showed that the treatment with 0.125 μl of active ingredient per gram recorded the best control effect on wheat crown rot, reaching 87.8 and 77.3%, respectively. In two experimental sites in Luoyang, phenamacril also had great control effect against FCR, reaching 83.9%. It was proven that phenamacril has a superior control effect against FCR. This study has laid a foundation for the study of the mechanism of action of phenamacril against F. pseudograminearum and provided a theoretical basis for the application of phenamacril to control FCR.